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<blockquote>
<p>今天装了Windows+ubuntu18.04双系统，记录一下安装完ubuntu之后做的事情，和使用ubuntu的过程中遇到的问题、解决方法、小技巧。</p>
</blockquote>
<a id="more"></a>

<p>ubuntu是基于debian开发的，centos是基于redhat开发的，所以ubuntu可以使用deb结尾的包，而centos使用rpm结尾的包。</p>
<p>显示文件夹中隐藏的文件：ctrl+H。</p>
<p><strong>查看Ubuntu显卡的型号：</strong></p>
<figure class="highlight plain"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">lspci|grep VGA</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<p><strong>查看CPU</strong></p>
<figure class="highlight plain"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">lscpu</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<p><strong>usr内文件夹的删除复制移动</strong></p>
<figure class="highlight plain"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">一：复制移动</span><br><span class="line">sudo cp 要复制的文件 /usr/local/bin（目的文件夹）</span><br><span class="line">sudo mv 要移动的文件 /usr/local/bin（目的文件夹）</span><br><span class="line">二：删除</span><br><span class="line">sudo su    #进入root下</span><br><span class="line">rm -rf 要删除的文件</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<p><strong>linux对文件赋权限的命令chmod</strong><br>参考：<a href="https://www.cnblogs.com/insane-Mr-Li/p/10716293.html" target="_blank" rel="noopener">https://www.cnblogs.com/insane-Mr-Li/p/10716293.html</a><br>使用方式 : chmod [-cfvR] [–help] [–version] mode file… </p>
<p><strong>卸载软件</strong><br>参考：<a href="https://blog.csdn.net/luckydog612/article/details/80877179" target="_blank" rel="noopener">https://blog.csdn.net/luckydog612/article/details/80877179</a><br>输入dpkg –list<br>终端输出电脑上安装的所有软件<br>在终端上输入命令sudo apt-get –purge remove 包名（–purge是可选项，写上这个属性是将软件及其配置文件一并删除，如不需要删除配置文件，可执行sudo apt-get remove 包名）</p>
<p><strong>Ubuntu配置环境变量的两种常用方法（.bashrc和/etc/profile）</strong><br>参考：<a href="https://blog.csdn.net/yiminghd2861/article/details/98854882" target="_blank" rel="noopener">https://blog.csdn.net/yiminghd2861/article/details/98854882</a></p>
<h1 id="双系统安装过程记录"><a href="#双系统安装过程记录" class="headerlink" title="双系统安装过程记录"></a>双系统安装过程记录</h1><p>参考: <a href="https://blog.csdn.net/weixin_43538911/article/details/99647086" target="_blank" rel="noopener">https://blog.csdn.net/weixin_43538911/article/details/99647086</a></p>
<h1 id="卸载ubuntu"><a href="#卸载ubuntu" class="headerlink" title="卸载ubuntu"></a>卸载ubuntu</h1><p>参考：<a href="https://blog.csdn.net/lele_god/article/details/109046860" target="_blank" rel="noopener">https://blog.csdn.net/lele_god/article/details/109046860</a></p>
<h1 id="ubuntu下可删除哪些文件来释放系统空间？"><a href="#ubuntu下可删除哪些文件来释放系统空间？" class="headerlink" title="ubuntu下可删除哪些文件来释放系统空间？"></a>ubuntu下可删除哪些文件来释放系统空间？</h1><p>参考：<a href="https://zhidao.baidu.com/question/166531881.html" target="_blank" rel="noopener">https://zhidao.baidu.com/question/166531881.html</a></p>
<h1 id="安装好Ubuntu18-04之后要做的事大全"><a href="#安装好Ubuntu18-04之后要做的事大全" class="headerlink" title="安装好Ubuntu18.04之后要做的事大全"></a>安装好Ubuntu18.04之后要做的事大全</h1><p>参考: <a href="https://blog.csdn.net/haeasringnar/article/details/81809040" target="_blank" rel="noopener">https://blog.csdn.net/haeasringnar/article/details/81809040</a><br>要安装<strong>搜狗拼音、git</strong>可以按照这个里面的教程，下面补充几个更好用的按照教程</p>
<h1 id="安装搜狗拼音"><a href="#安装搜狗拼音" class="headerlink" title="安装搜狗拼音"></a>安装搜狗拼音</h1><p>如果按照上面一条安装后，因为个人失误导致搜狗拼音不能用，可以参考下面教程：<br><a href="https://blog.csdn.net/qq_33159059/article/details/85019467" target="_blank" rel="noopener">https://blog.csdn.net/qq_33159059/article/details/85019467</a></p>
<figure class="highlight plain"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"># 先卸载掉fcitx，及其所有相关的软件</span><br><span class="line">sudo apt -y remove *fcitx*</span><br><span class="line"># 然后来个彻底清除</span><br><span class="line">sudo apt autoremove</span><br><span class="line"># 安装了下面的这部分，搜狗输入法就可以使用了，不过候选区没有背景，是透明的</span><br><span class="line">sudo apt -y install fcitx fcitx-bin fcitx-table fcitx-table-all</span><br><span class="line"># 安装fcitx可视化的配置界面</span><br><span class="line">sudo apt -y install fcitx-config-gtk</span><br><span class="line"># 就安装gtk，不要安装gtk2。因为gtk2的配置界面没有gtk的强大，而且同时安装，也只有gtk的生效</span><br><span class="line">sudo dpkg -i sogoupinyin_2.2.0.0108_amd64.deb</span><br><span class="line">进入“语言支持”界面，进行输入法框架的配置：</span><br><span class="line">![upload successful](/images/pasted-10.png)</span><br><span class="line">最后重启，确保设置都已生效</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<h1 id="安装-Anaconda3"><a href="#安装-Anaconda3" class="headerlink" title="安装 Anaconda3"></a>安装 Anaconda3</h1><p>参考: <a href="https://blog.csdn.net/qq_15192373/article/details/81091098" target="_blank" rel="noopener">https://blog.csdn.net/qq_15192373/article/details/81091098</a></p>
<figure class="highlight plain"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">在清华大学开源软件镜像站下载：</span><br><span class="line">https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/help/anaconda/</span><br><span class="line">bash Anaconda3-5.2.0-Linux-x86_64.sh</span><br><span class="line">若在终端输入 python，仍然会显示Ubuntu自带的python版本，我们执行：</span><br><span class="line">sudo gedit ~/.bashrc</span><br><span class="line">在最后一行添加：</span><br><span class="line">export PATH=&quot;/home/xxx/anaconda3/bin:$PATH&quot;</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<p>问题：pip命令报错Traceback (most recent call last): File “/usr/bin/pip”<br>解决：<a href="https://blog.csdn.net/lyll616/article/details/85090132" target="_blank" rel="noopener">https://blog.csdn.net/lyll616/article/details/85090132</a></p>
<figure class="highlight plain"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">打开终端，在终端中输入 ： sudo gedit /usr/bin/pip</span><br><span class="line">插入或者修改为：</span><br><span class="line">from pip import __main__  //修改</span><br><span class="line">if __name__ == &apos;__main__&apos;:  </span><br><span class="line">    sys.exit(__main__._main())//修改</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<h1 id="安装Mac主题"><a href="#安装Mac主题" class="headerlink" title="安装Mac主题"></a>安装Mac主题</h1><p><a href="https://zhuanlan.zhihu.com/p/71588449" target="_blank" rel="noopener">https://zhuanlan.zhihu.com/p/71588449</a><br>尝试了一下效果不错</p>
<h1 id="安装MySQL8-0"><a href="#安装MySQL8-0" class="headerlink" title="安装MySQL8.0"></a>安装MySQL8.0</h1><p>参考:<a href="https://www.cnblogs.com/luoli-/p/9249769.html" target="_blank" rel="noopener">https://www.cnblogs.com/luoli-/p/9249769.html</a><br>ubuntu18.04<br>首次登录mysql未设置密码或忘记密码解决方法:<br><a href="https://blog.csdn.net/qq_38737992/article/details/81090373" target="_blank" rel="noopener">https://blog.csdn.net/qq_38737992/article/details/81090373</a></p>
<figure class="highlight plain"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">下载deb包：https://dev.mysql.com/downloads/repo/apt/</span><br><span class="line">sudo dpkg -i mysql-apt-config_0.8.10-1_all.deb</span><br><span class="line">sudo apt update</span><br><span class="line">sudo apt install mysql-server</span><br><span class="line">密码加密方式选择5.x</span><br><span class="line">查看mysql是否安装成功：mysql -u root -p</span><br><span class="line">查看mysql字符集，mysql8字符集默认为utf-8：show variables like &apos;%char%&apos;;</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<h1 id="安装mendeley"><a href="#安装mendeley" class="headerlink" title="安装mendeley"></a>安装mendeley</h1><p>参考:<a href="https://www.mendeley.com/guides/download-mendeley-desktop/ubuntu/instructions" target="_blank" rel="noopener">https://www.mendeley.com/guides/download-mendeley-desktop/ubuntu/instructions</a></p>
<figure class="highlight plain"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">在上面链接中下载deb包</span><br><span class="line">sudo dpkg -i &lt;path-to-downloaded-package&gt;</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<p>在使用过程中出现不能输入中文的现象，解决方法：<br><a href="https://blog.csdn.net/weixin_40100431/article/details/82633423" target="_blank" rel="noopener">https://blog.csdn.net/weixin_40100431/article/details/82633423</a></p>
<figure class="highlight plain"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">首先在终端中定位一个文件的位置</span><br><span class="line">locate libfcitxplatforminputcontextplugin.so</span><br><span class="line">然后将上述文献拷贝到mendeley的安装路径当中</span><br><span class="line">sudo cp /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/qt5/plugins/platforminputcontexts/libfcitxplatforminputcontextplugin.so /opt/mendeleydesktop/plugins/qt/plugins/platforminputcontexts/</span><br><span class="line">关闭mendeley重新启动即可。</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<h1 id="安装配置JAVA环境"><a href="#安装配置JAVA环境" class="headerlink" title="安装配置JAVA环境"></a>安装配置JAVA环境</h1><p>参考:<a href="https://blog.csdn.net/weixx3/article/details/80296779" target="_blank" rel="noopener">https://blog.csdn.net/weixx3/article/details/80296779</a></p>
<figure class="highlight plain"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">去oracle官网下载：https://www.oracle.com/technetwork/java/javase/downloads/jdk8-downloads-2133151.html</span><br><span class="line">解压后，将文件从下载目录挪到/usr/local下sudo mv jdk1.8.0_171  /usr/local/jdk1.8</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">修改全局配置文件，作用于所有用户：vim /etc/profile</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">export JAVA_HOME=/usr/local/jdk1.8</span><br><span class="line">export JRE_HOME=$&#123;JAVA_HOME&#125;/jre</span><br><span class="line">export CLASSPATH=.:$&#123;JAVA_HOME&#125;/lib:$&#123;JRE_HOME&#125;/lib</span><br><span class="line">export PATH=.:$&#123;JAVA_HOME&#125;/bin:$PATH</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">修改完后保存并退出，按下Esc后输入:q!即可</span><br><span class="line">使修改的配置立刻生效 ： source /etc/profile </span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">检查是否安装成功：java -version</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<h1 id="安装wps"><a href="#安装wps" class="headerlink" title="安装wps"></a>安装wps</h1><p>安装按照上面《安装好Ubuntu18.04之后要做的事大全》一文，字体缺失按照下面教程：<br>WPS for Linux（ubuntu）字体配置(字体缺失解决办法)：<br><a href="https://www.cnblogs.com/liangml/p/5969404.html" target="_blank" rel="noopener">https://www.cnblogs.com/liangml/p/5969404.html</a></p>
<figure class="highlight plain"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">在官网下载wps：https://www.wps.cn/product/wpslinux/</span><br><span class="line">安装wps：sudo dpkg -i wps*.deb  安装wps</span><br><span class="line">下载缺失字体：</span><br><span class="line">国内下载地址：https://pan.baidu.com/s/1eS6xIzo</span><br><span class="line">下载完成后，解压并进入目录中，继续执行：</span><br><span class="line">sudo cp * /usr/share/fonts</span><br><span class="line">sudo mkfontscale</span><br><span class="line">sudo mkfontdir</span><br><span class="line">运行fc-cache命令更新字体缓存：</span><br><span class="line">sudo fc-cache</span><br><span class="line">重启wps即可，字体缺失的提示不再出现。</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<h1 id="安装node、npm、hexo"><a href="#安装node、npm、hexo" class="headerlink" title="安装node、npm、hexo"></a>安装node、npm、hexo</h1><p>参考：<a href="https://www.cnblogs.com/guanine/p/9392411.html" target="_blank" rel="noopener">https://www.cnblogs.com/guanine/p/9392411.html</a><br><a href="https://blog.csdn.net/Iversonx/article/details/82807598" target="_blank" rel="noopener">https://blog.csdn.net/Iversonx/article/details/82807598</a></p>
<figure class="highlight plain"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">键入以下内容刷新本地包索引：</span><br><span class="line">sudo apt update</span><br><span class="line">从存储库安装Node.js：</span><br><span class="line">sudo apt install nodejs</span><br><span class="line">需要额外安装npm，你可以通过输入以下命令来完成</span><br><span class="line">sudo apt install npm </span><br><span class="line">安装hexo</span><br><span class="line">sudo npm install --unsafe-perm --verbose -g hexo</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<h1 id="安装网易云音乐"><a href="#安装网易云音乐" class="headerlink" title="安装网易云音乐"></a>安装网易云音乐</h1><p>参考： <a href="https://blog.csdn.net/weixin_43693233/article/details/90685359" target="_blank" rel="noopener">https://blog.csdn.net/weixin_43693233/article/details/90685359</a><br>第一次下载网易云音乐，点击图标打不开，只能用sudo进入，很麻烦，百度也看到好多人都是这种问题，上面这个教程下载的网易云是点击图标可以直接进入的，推荐！</p>
<h1 id="安装Android-studio"><a href="#安装Android-studio" class="headerlink" title="安装Android studio"></a>安装Android studio</h1><p>参考：<br><a href="https://blog.csdn.net/Sacredness/article/details/86514460" target="_blank" rel="noopener">https://blog.csdn.net/Sacredness/article/details/86514460</a><br>我并没有安装SDK，百度了一下有的博客说android studio 可以默认帮你安装android-sdk。</p>
<p>下载地址：<a href="https://developer.android.google.cn/studio/#downloads" target="_blank" rel="noopener">https://developer.android.google.cn/studio/#downloads</a><br>将压缩包解压到要安装的位置<br>在软件的bin目录下打开命令行，执行命令bash studio.sh.（如果你需要root权限，执行sudo bash studio.sh）<br>创建桌面图标：<br><img src="/images/pasted-5.png" alt="upload successful"><br>至于怎么新建一个项目，参考：<br><a href="https://blog.csdn.net/Sacredness/article/details/82929768" target="_blank" rel="noopener">https://blog.csdn.net/Sacredness/article/details/82929768</a></p>
<h1 id="安装pycharm"><a href="#安装pycharm" class="headerlink" title="安装pycharm"></a>安装pycharm</h1><p>同上</p>
<h1 id="安装idea"><a href="#安装idea" class="headerlink" title="安装idea"></a>安装idea</h1><p>参考：<a href="https://blog.csdn.net/lishundi/article/details/82762532" target="_blank" rel="noopener">https://blog.csdn.net/lishundi/article/details/82762532</a></p>
<figure class="highlight plain"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">下载地址:　https://www.jetbrains.com/idea/download/#section=linux </span><br><span class="line">解压到/opt下：sudo tar -zxvf ideaIC-2018.2.3-no-jdk.tar.gz -C /opt</span><br><span class="line">进入到opt位置：cd  /opt/</span><br><span class="line">进入到IDEA文件夹下的bin目录：cd  /opt/idea-IC-182.4323.46/bin</span><br><span class="line">启动 IDEA：./idea.sh</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<h1 id="截图工具flameshot"><a href="#截图工具flameshot" class="headerlink" title="截图工具flameshot"></a>截图工具flameshot</h1><p>参考：<a href="https://www.jianshu.com/p/e1678c1d175d" target="_blank" rel="noopener">https://www.jianshu.com/p/e1678c1d175d</a></p>
<figure class="highlight plain"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">sudo apt-get install flameshot</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<ol>
<li>设置&gt;设备&gt;键盘，设置一个自定义快捷键（拉到最下面）命令填写：flameshot gui</li>
<li>截完图后保存Ctrl+S，复制到剪贴板 Ctrl+C</li>
</ol>

      
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